Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment

Abstract

The current research investigates the effects of adding metallic graphene oxide (GO) and non-metallic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to Mahua biodiesel blend (B20) on the combustion parameters of a diesel engine. GO and ZnO nanoparticles were utilized at a concentration of 75 mg/L, combined with a 1:1 mixture of the surfactant CTAB and the dispersant TWEEN 80. When nanoparticles were introduced to blended biofuel, combustion parameters such as cumulative heart rate, mean gas temperature, mass percent burnt, and rise of pressure increase (RoPR) greatly improved at higher injection pressures. When compared to clean diesel, utilizing B20+ZnO Nanoparticles+ NIS dispersant at 250 bar resulted in 6%, 15%, 7%, and 7.6% improvements in CHRR, MGT, MFB, and RoPR, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R²) for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS (1:1) for CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR is 0.975, 0.978, 0.966 and 0.9883 when compared to GO nanoparticle inclusions, considering it as optimum combination and an efficient fuel. When compared to other fuel samples, the CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS are 2.484%, 3.2%, 2.6% and 1.25% higher, respectively, according to a statistical analysis conducted by design expert.