MHD hybrid nanofluid flow and entropy analysis in smooth and wavy channels under non-uniform magnetic field

Souad Benkherbache; Salah Amroune; Firas F. Qader; Rawand Sardar Abdulrahman; Barhm Mohamad

doi:10.32397/tesea.vol7.n2.1011

Authors

Souad Benkherbache Laboratory of Materials and Mechanics of Structures (LMMS), Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, PO. Box. 166 Ichebilia 28000 M’sila, Algeria
Salah Amroune Laboratory of Materials and Mechanics of Structures (LMMS), Faculty of technology, University of M’sila, PO. Box. 166 Ichebilia 28000 M’sila, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-1935
Firas F. Qader Kirkuk Technical Engineering College, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq
Rawand Sardar Abdulrahman Department of Petroleum Technology, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, 44001 Erbil, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9736-4996
Barhm Mohamad Department of Petroleum Technology, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, 44001 Erbil, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-6127

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol7.n2.1011

Keywords:

Hybrid nanofluid, MHD, Non-uniform magnetic field, Wavy channel, Entropy generation, Bejan number

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid flow in a two-dimensional channel featuring a localized wavy section under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluid, composed of Fe₃O₄–Al₂O₃ nanoparticles dispersed in water, is modeled as a single-phase fluid under laminar, steady, and incompressible conditions. The applied transverse magnetic field follows an exponential decay along the channel height, inducing a spatially varying Lorentz force and Joule heating effect. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method implemented in ANSYS Fluent, with the SIMPLE algorithm employed for pressure–velocity coupling. A comparative analysis between smooth (SC) and wavy (WC) channel configurations is conducted to evaluate the impact of Reynolds number (200 ≤ Re ≤ 800) and magnetic field intensity (1 T ≤ B₀ ≤ 8 T) on flow structure, heat transfer, and thermodynamic irreversibility. The results reveal that the magnetic field significantly suppresses fluid velocity within the magnetized region due to Lorentz force damping, while simultaneously enhancing fluid temperature through Joule heating. Overall, the results demonstrate that the combination of localized wall waviness and a non-uniform magnetic field provides an effective strategy for enhancing heat transfer while minimizing thermodynamic irreversibility. This study offers valuable insights for the design of advanced MHD-based cooling systems and energy applications involving hybrid nanofluids.